Saicho
A Buddhist monk of the early Heian period (c. 794 - 930). Founded the Tendai school, and advanced the argument with Nanto (Nara) Buddhism regarding their religious principles. Saicho, together with Kukai, the founder of Shingon Buddhism, represent the two greatest authorities of the Buddhist world in the Heian period.
766 (767)-822
A Buddhist monk of the early Heian period (c. 794 - 930). Founder of the Tendai school in Japan. The posthumous title awarded to Saicho based on the deeds he performed in his lifetime is Dengyo Daishi (“Great Teacher of Buddhism”). Saicho was born in Furuchi Village, Shiga County, Omi Province, with the secular name Hirono Mitsu no Obito. In 778, he became a disciple of Gyohyo at Omi Kokubunji Temple, and in 780 took the name Saicho. In 785, he received gusoku-kai (upasampadā, or full graduation into ordained monkhood) at the ordination platform of Todai-ji Temple in Nara, but soon after that retreated to a thatched hut on Mount Hiei, where he entered into ascetic training and devoted himself to the Tendai doctrine.
In 797, Saicho was appointed one of the Ten Zen Priests of Naigubu, or position attendants to the Emperor at the practice hall in the Court. In 802, he served as a lecturer at Hokke-e (a lecture series on the Lotus Sutra) held at Takaosan-ji in Kyoto (present-day Jingo-ji), the tutelary temple of the Wake Family. His service as a lecturer led to his selection as one of the recipients of an imperial charter to travel to China to study. In July 804, Saicho boarded the embassy ship to Tang China, with Kukai as a fellow passenger, and departed from Kyushu. The mission arrived in Mingzhou in September. After a pilgrimage to Mt. Tiantai, Saicho mastered the Tendai doctrine under Daosui and Xingman, and also studied esoteric Buddhism, Zen, and Bodhisattva vow. In May the following year, he set upon his return journey, and in July arrived back in Japan. The number of sutras he copied during the more than eight months he spent in China and brought with him to Japan amounted to 230 volumes and 460 scrolls.
Related People, Things and Events
Books
顕戒論 巻上
Lineages of the Transmission of the Buddha’s Dharma
内証仏法相承血脉譜
顕戒論縁起
伝教大師将来目録
天台法華宗學生式問答 8巻
法華秀句 巻第1条箇
山家学生式
伝教大師消息
叡山大師伝
末法燈明記
傳教大師傳
本朝高僧伝 巻之2,3,4
Related Works
Letter by the priest Saichō
Collected Letters of Priest Saichō
霜月会定書(しもつきえさだめがき)
伝教大師像 『天台霊華』
伝教大師坐像 『伝教大師全集』 第一
伝教大師入唐牒 『天台霊華』
伝 伝教大師 経切
伝 伝教大師 古筆切
嵯峨天皇宸筆 光定戒蝶
Portrait of Emperor Kanmu
Hieizan
Videos
Past Exhibitions
| Title | shusai | Place | open | close |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Institutions and External Links
- 天台宗公式ホームページ
「教え」「歴史と人物」「修行」などのページがある。
- 比叡山延暦寺
延暦寺の公式ホームページ
- 伝教大師1200年大遠忌記念 特別展「最澄と天台宗のすべて」
東京国立博物館 平成館 2021年10月12日 ~ 11月21日展示「最澄と天台宗のすべて」の紹介
References
- 『日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)』(JapanKnowledge) 「最澄」の項目
- 『世界大百科事典』(JapanKnowledge) 「最澄」の項目
- 『国史大辞典』(JapanKnowledge) 「最澄」の項目
- 『日本架空伝承人名事典』(JapanKnowledge) 「最澄」の項目
- 最澄・空海渡辺照宏 編,宮坂宥勝 [ほか]訳・注,筑摩書房
- 最澄と徳一 : 仏教史上最大の対決師茂樹 著,岩波書店
- 別冊太陽『最澄と天台宗のこころ』伝教大師1200年大遠忌記念 平凡社、2022
- JapanKnowledge・コトバンク所収コンテンツの最終アクセス日は、いずれも2023/2/10。





