Bellflower
A perennial plant in the Campanulaceae family. In early autumn, produces blossoms of bluish purple.
A perennial plant in the Campanulaceae family, Platycodon grandiflorus, called kikyo in Japanese, counted as one of the seven flowers of autumn (aki no nanakusa). Grows wild in sunny mountain and field settings, producing flowers of bluish purple and white from August through September. The corolla is bell-shaped, with petals separating into five parts toward the tips. Stems stand upright with heights of 0.5–1 m. Leaves are alternate and pointed with sharply serrated margins. Although distributed widely throughout East Asia, including China and Korea in addition to Japan, it is currently designated as an endangered species.
Cherished as an ornamental since ancient times, cultivation of garden varieties flourished during the Edo Period (1603–1868), and many cultivars were developed, including white, pink, blue, spotted, double-flowered, and semi-double-flowered varieties. Cultivars such as Usagimimi Kikyo (“rabbit-eared bellflower”) and Midori no Yaezaki (“double-flowered green bellflower”) that appear in Honzo Tsukan Shozu (“Faithful Illustrations from the Compendium of Medicinal Herbs”), a work published in the Edo Period, are no longer extant. Roots are medicinal, and young shoots can be eaten as well.
A plant associated with autumn, the bellflower makes appearances in waka poetry and Japanese literary works. According to a prevalent theory, the “asagao” (morning glory), included by poet Okura Yamanoue in the Manyoshu (“Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves”) as one of the seven flowers of autumn, corresponds to what is now known as the bellflower (kikyo). In Sei Shonagon’s Makura no Soshi (“The Pillow Book”), the bellflower is introduced alongside morning glory (asagao) and golden valerian (ominaeshi) as a representative example of a flowering plant considered particularly lovely.
Appreciated as an appealing pattern for clothing, implements and more, the bellflower also has considerable artistic value as part of designs featuring plants that flower in autumn for items including byobu folding screens and suzuribako inkstone cases.
Bellflower designs have been featured in crests since ancient times as well, including kamon family crests used by Sengoku-period (1467–1590) military commander Mitsuhide Akechi, Katsuie Shibata, Dokan Ota, and Kiyomasa Kato. Among these, Mitsuhide Akechi’s mizuiro kikyo (light blue bellflower) crest is particularly well known.
Related People, Things and Events
Books
Botanical painting of bellflower
Related Works
Bellflowers painted on crafts
Kikyo painted on the costume
Kikyo crest applied to weapons and crafts
Videos
8月上旬。富山県中央植物園では、秋の七草のうち、ハギ、オミナエシ、キキョウ、ナデシコが見ごろを迎えていました。特にオミナエシの黄色が鮮やかでした。このあと、8月の終わりごろにはススキが穂を出し始め、フジバカマやクズが咲き始めます。<br><br>(この動画は、2013年に放送したものです。)
この唄の源流は、目の不自由な女性の旅芸人「越後瞽女」が門付唄として歌った「こうといな」といわれています。<br>その替え唄の、新潟・十日町市の「新保広大寺」という唄が、越後瞽女の手によって津軽へ伝えられ「じょうんがら節」に<br>なったということです。<br><br>収録/昭和58年<br><br>【歌詞】<br>ハアーアーアー花のお江戸のその傍らに さても珍し心中ばなし ところ四谷の新宿町よ<br>紺ののれんに桔梗の紋は 音に聞こえし橋本宿で 数多女郎衆の数あるなかに<br>お職女郎衆の白糸こそは 年齢は十九で当世育ち 愛嬌よければみな人さんが(ハイ)<br>われもわれもと名指してあがる あがるお客がどなたと訊けば 鈴木主水お言う侍よ
Institutions and External Links
静岡県の西部遠州森町にある曹洞宗の寺。「ききょう寺」とも呼ばれ、15種類、4万5000株以上の桔梗が6月中旬から開花する。
京都市上京区にある台圓浄宗の本山。紫式部の邸宅跡としても知られ、「源氏庭」では6月末から9月初め頃まで、紫の桔梗が咲く。
京都府亀岡市にある明智光秀公ゆかりの寺。例年6月末から7月末にかけ門前で「ききょうの里」を開催。紫や白色の桔梗をはじめ、珍しいピンクや八重咲きの桔梗も鑑賞できる。
1000種類以上の植物、花の名前がわかる植物図鑑。キキョウの基本情報や育て方などについて、「趣味の園芸」講師陣の専門家が執筆している。
国立科学博物館筑波実験植物園内の植物を検索できる。研究者ノートなど専門的な解説もあり。
熊本大学薬学部 薬草園内の薬用植物を検索できるデータベース。キキョウの写真や化学構造式とともに薬効や用途などが解説されている。
References
- 木村陽二郎 監修,植物文化研究会, 雅麗 編,柏書房
- 平田喜信, 身崎寿 著,東京堂出版
- 講談社 編,講談社
- 山田卓三, 中嶋信太郎 著,北隆館









