Kamakura City
Surrounded by mountains on three sides, the base of the Minamoto clan
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A city located in southeastern Kanagawa Prefecture at the base of the Miura Peninsula. Surrounded by mountains on three sides and facing Sagami Bay to the south, positioned among terrain that makes it a natural stronghold.
Closely connected with the Minamoto clan through Yoriyoshi Minamoto’s devotion to a deity associated with the Hachimangu Shrine, Kamakura was made the clan’s base by Yoritomo Minamoto in 1180. Later, with the establishment of the Kamakura shogunate, it served as a central base for the feudal government until the shogunate’s downfall in 1333.
With the installment of the Kamakura kubo (governor-general) in the Muromachi period (c. 1336–1573), Kamakura became the Muromachi shogunate’s seat of government for the Kanto region. Following relocation of the seat in the late Muromachi period, however, Kamakura’s status as a political center would wane.
In the Edo period (1603–1868), the city came to flourish as a sightseeing destination, spurred by the popularity of pilgrimages to Enoshima Shrine on the nearby island of Enoshima. In the Meiji period (1868–1912), Kamakura thrived as a site for villas of imperial family members and the aristocracy. Today, it is still known as a leading sightseeing destination in Japan.
It was officially designated as Kamakura City in 1939, established through incorporation of the towns of Kamakura and Koshigoe. In 1948 the village of Fukasawa and town of Ofuna were absorbed as well, expanding Kamakura’s municipal area to its current boundaries.
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References
- 日立デジタル平凡社,平凡社