Wild Boar
A familiar game animal known for its prolificacy, depicted on paper currency in the Meiji period
The wild boar is a mammal that belongs to the Artiodactyla order, the Suidae family. It is widely distributed in Asia, Europe, and North Africa. In Japan, the wild boar inhabits hilly areas throughout the country, with the exception of Hokkaido and some parts of Tohoku and Hokuriku. In addition to the Japanese wild boar, which is native to all of Japan, there is also the somewhat smaller Ryukyu wild boar, which can be found on the southwestern islands off Kyushu and in the Okinawan archipelago. The entire body of the wild boar is covered in dark brown bristles, and the stripe of bristles starting at the top of the head and going down its back, which rises when the boar is angry or alarmed, is called ikagi-ge (raised hackles). The wild boar reaches between 1m and 1.5m in length, and the male has excessively developed canine teeth that protrude from its mouth as tusks and continue to grow throughout its life. The Japanese word for wild boar is inoshishi, but in the past the letter “i” alone used to mean wild boar, while “shishi” meant wild animal that could be used as food, and the current name inoshishi originated as a combination of these two words.
Numerous wild boar bones have been excavated from ruins that date back to the Jomon period (c.14,000 BC – c.1,000 BC). Furthermore, among excavated items, archeologists have found clay objects that symbolize wild boars. These findings lead to the conclusion that the wild boar has been a familiar presence as a game animal since ancient times. It is also beloved as one of the twelve animals in the Chinese zodiac, and the word “i” is known as an alternative name for the tenth lunar month. In the customs that came to Japan from China, there is the so-called I-no-ko iwai (lit. “a celebration of little wild boars”), in which people ate mochi cakes on the first day of the Wild Boar in the tenth lunar month (the 12th day), and prayed to the wild boar, which is known for its prolificacy, for the prosperity and health of their descendants. This custom is observed to this day in some areas mainly in Western Japan. Also, images of a wild boar were depicted on two types of 10 yen bills issued during the Meiji period (1868 – 1912), which became a familiar presence in the life of people in that era under the common name “wild boar bills.”
Related People, Things and Events
Books
Related Works
Inome (wild boar’s eye) designs
Videos
Past Exhibitions
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Institutions Holding Related Materials
The National Diet Library (NDL), founded in 1948, is the library which belongs to the Diet. The NDL assists the activities of the National Diet. The Library collects and conserves materials and information both from Japan and abroad, serving as a foundation of knowledge and culture and providing library services to administrative and judicial entities and Japanese citizens.
As Japan’s representative museum, Tokyo National Museum collects, preserves, displays, and researches the cultural properties of Asia with a focus on Japan, and also provides educational programs.
The National Archives is an organization for preserving, as historical materials, public records and archives of importance transferred from state organs, and providing them for public use, with the aim of achieving appropriate preservation and use of such public records and archives that are kept in the National Archives or state organs as historical materials.
Kyoto National Museum collects, preserves, displays, researches and provides educational programs focusing on cultural properties from Heian- through to Edo- period Japan, when the capital was located there.
Nara National Museum collects, preserves, displays, researches and provides educational programs about cultural properties with a focus on Buddhist art.
External Links
東京都立博物館・美術館収蔵品検索。「東海道名所之内 箱根山中猪狩」(河鍋暁斎/画)や「猪毛革胴乱型一つ提げたばこ入れ」などの資料を見ることができる。
兵庫県近隣の猪の生息情報、被害対策、その他資料を見ることができる。
References
- 阿部永 監修,阿部永, 石井信夫, 伊藤徹魯, 金子之史, 前田喜四雄, 三浦慎悟, 米田政明 著,自然環境研究センター 編集制作,東海大学出版会
- 小宮輝之 著,薮内正幸 絵,山と溪谷社
- 井本英一 著,法政大学出版局
- 鄭高詠 著,白帝社
- 鈴木棠三 [著],KADOKAWA