Hyakunin Isshu(One Hundred Poems by One Hundred Poets)
A collection of the best poems, one poem each, of 100 poets, especially the Ogura version
One Hundred Poems by One Hundred Poets (Hyakunin isshu) is a collection of poems of 100 poets, one poem each. The term also refers to these poems printed on playing cards. Because the Ogura version of One Hundred Poems by One Hundred Poets was the first, the term usually refers to this collection. This format was later widely followed—a trend that gave rise to The New One Hundred Poems by One Hundred Poets, compiled by Ashikaga Yoshihisa; The Samurai One Hundred Poems by One Hundred Poets; One Hundred Poems by One Hundred Poets for Women; and in more recent times, The Patriotic One Hundred Poems by One Hundred Poets.
The Ogura One Hundred Poems by One Hundred Poets was compiled by Fujiwara no Teika. This version is also called The Ogura Mountain Villa Waka Poems on Colored Paper (Ogura sanso shikishi waka). Ogura was the name of Teika's mountain villa, and the poems he selected were written by poets spanning from the Nara period (710-794) to the early Kamakura period (1185-1333) and were arranged roughly by period of composition. There are 43 love poems, by far the largest category, followed by poems taking up the four seasons. The poets include 79 men and 21 women.
In the Muromachi period (1336-1573), after Teika died, waka poetry and linked verse was taken over by specialists, and in the early modern period, many annotated editions appeared, such as Hyakunin isshu shusui sho (One Hundred Poems by One Hundred Poets with Commentary), by Kitamura Kigin. These editions were widely taken up by the public and were also used as commoners' introductions to the classics and as models for penmanship.
This trend accelerated with the spread of One Hundred Poems by One Hundred Poets playing cards. These cards are familiar to Japanese as a game played during the New Year's holidays. In this game, the reader reads the opening verse of a poem from a card with the picture of the poet on it, and players compete to spot and grab the closing verse of the same poem. Innovations include swiping instead of grabbing, group competitions (likened to the Genpei War), and bozu meguri (a children's game involving just the reading cards with pictures of poets). In the Meiji era (1868-1912), many card clubs were established, and one-on-one competitions came into being. Today there are annual competitions to determine the grand master for the year.
Related People, Things and Events
Books
Various version of Hyakunin Isshu (“Single Songs of a Hundred Poets”)
Hyakunin Isshu picture books, kibyoushi illustrated books, sugoroku games, etc.
Hyakunin Isshu parody books that contain the original story of the rakugo Chihayafuru
時代とともに人口に膾炙した「百人一首」は言葉遊び・パロディの格好の対象となったが、落語の世界にも取り入れられ、中でも在原業平の「ちはやふる神代もきかず龍田川からくれなゐに水くくるとは」を元にした「ちはやふる」のこじつけ解釈はよく知られている。歌の意味を八五郎に聞かれて困った隠居の考えた珍解釈は、
●「龍田川(たつたがわ)という相撲の大関が千早(ちはや)という花魁 (おいらん) に惚 れたが振られ、
●それではと口説いた妹女郎の神代(かみよ)もいうことを聞かず、
●失意の龍田川は故郷へ帰って豆腐屋になる
●10年後のある日、女乞食 が「おから」をくれといってくる、
●それが千早のなれの果て。龍田川は怒っておからをやらず、恥じた千早が井戸へ身を投げて死ぬ。
つまり「最初に千早が振ったから、「千早振る」、神代も聞かなかったから「神代も聞かず竜田川」、おからをくれないので「からくれないに」、井戸に飛び込んだから「水くぐる」だ」という呆れたものだが、これとほぼ同じ珍解釈が『百人一首和歌始衣抄』(国会図書館・デジタルコレクション所収)という本に載っている。『百人一首和歌始衣抄』の著者は、山東京伝。天明7年序跋(1787)刊。『百人一首』から18首を選び、江戸時代の和歌注釈書の形式(作者の系図・語釈・語注・参考文献の引用など)をもじって、細部まで滑稽にこじつけの解釈をする。
詳細は下記の画像で。(青い枠をクリックすると解説が表示されます。なお、読みやすいように原文の一部に漢字をあて、句読点を補っています)
Related Works
Hyakunin Isshu karuta games
Videos
Past Exhibitions
| Title | shusai | Place | open | close |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Institutions Holding Related Materials
公益財団法人小倉百人一首文化財団が運営する、百人一首の歴史を紹介する施設。常設展示「百人一首ヒストリー」がある。所在は京都市右京区嵯峨天龍寺。
伊勢神宮に仕えた皇女・斎王とその居所・斎宮をめぐる歴史や文学、そして斎宮跡の発掘調査の成果を展示・映像をとおして紹介する県立の博物館。
小倉百人一首から異種百人一首まで3,000点以上の資料を有し、貴重な写本、各種版本、巻子本、錦絵、かるた、双六、注釈・研究書、女性教養書、外国語訳、工芸品などを幅広く所蔵する。国立国会図書館の「特殊コレクション要覧」にも加えられている。
跡見学園女子大学図書館が所蔵する「百人一首コレクション」をデジタル化し公開。貴重な資料が多数ある。
異種百人一首のうち、『後撰百人一首』『列女百人一首』『秀雅百人一首』のデジタルデータを見ることができる。
株式会社小倉山荘が運営するサイト。百人一首の現代語訳、作者、解説を一首ずつ載せている。
References
- 尚学図書・言語研究所 編,小学館
- 「百人一首」の項。
- 「小倉百人一首」の項。
- 「百人一首」の項。