Maki-e
A lacquering technique, representative of Japan, that uses fine particles of gold and silver to decorate lacquerware
Maki-e is a lacquering technique for applying decoration to lacquerware. It involves applying fine particles of gold, silver, and other materials to the surface of lacquerware for decoration. Its origin goes back to the Nara period (710-794). The earliest example is an eighth-century scabbard of a sword of the Shoso-in (Shoso Repository) decorated with the makkinru technique of maki-e. In the Heian period (794-1185), maki-e was popular among aristocrats and was used to ornament architecture, furniture, daily-use implements, Buddhist implements, and other items. The word maki-e first appears in Taketori monogatari (The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter), a story from the Heian period.
In the Kamakura period (1185-1333), the basic techniques of maki-e had already appeared. From the Kamakura period to the Muromachi period (1336-1573), maki-e circulated prominently in the samurai class as well. In particular, the samurai in Ashikaga Yoshimasa's circles, who created the Higashiyama culture in the hills east of Kyoto, had many sumptuous pieces made.
In the Momoyama period (late 16th century), maki-e was used to ornament the Otamaya mausoleum of Kodai Temple, and Kodai Temple maki-e, which uses a technique called hiramaki-e to paint autumn grasses and the like, became quite popular. In other quarters, artisans made gorgeous Nanban (Southern Barbarian) Lacquerware for export to satisfy demand from missionaries and merchants who came to southern Japan.
In the Edo period (1603-1867), shoguns (military dictators) and daimyos (feudal lords) employed maki-e artisans, who made luxurious artifacts for them. Merchants who had considerable wealth also ordered maki-e lacquerware of various designs from maki-e artisans in urban centers. This demand further stimulated the development of maki-e techniques. There are also famous maki-e pieces of fine-arts caliber made with new techniques and original designs created by the painters Hon'ami Koetsu and Ogata Korin of the Rin-pa School of painting.
With the Meiji Restoration of 1868, maki-e artisans lost the patronage of the old military class, but the Meiji government, under a policy of promoting industry, sent fine maki-e lacquerware representative of Japan to exhibitions held all over Europe and received high praise for its exquisite craftsmanship. Even today, the craft of making fine maki-e lacquerware using traditional techniques continues in places such as Kyoto, Kanazawa, and Tokyo.
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Maki-e (Japanese lacquer decoration technique) in the Heian period (794-1185)
Maki-e in the Kamakura period (1185-1333)
Maki-e in the Nanboku-cho period (1337-1392) and the Muromachi period (1336-1573)
Maki-e in the Azuchi-Momoyama period (1573-1603)
Maki-e in the Edo period (1603-1868)
Maki-e in the Meiji period (1868-1912) and onward
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Institutions Holding Related Materials
世界文化遺産・国宝。平安時代末期に創建した阿弥陀堂。内部に蒔絵・螺鈿の装飾がほどこされた、平安美術工芸の粋を極める建造物。
尾張徳川家伝来の大名道具を収蔵・展示。「名品コレクション展示室」では、蒔絵をほどこした武具や婚礼調度品を展示している。高度な蒔絵技術を尽くして制作された国宝「初音の調度」は大名婚礼道具の最高峰として知られる。
常時全室で漆芸品を展示する漆芸専門美術館。年間を通じて、漆芸に関するさまざまな切り口の企画展が開催される。常設展では輪島塗の歴史と文化を紹介。館内では、漆器の製作工程や漆芸作家の作品を紹介するビデオを鑑賞できるほか、充実した漆芸・美術関連図書が閲覧可能。
石川県内の伝統的工芸品全36品目をすべて展示する施設。輪島塗、山中漆器、金沢漆器が展示されている常設展示のほか、伝統工芸の「いま」を紹介するさまざまな企画展を随時開催。
高台寺と関連寺院に伝わる宝物を中心に展示。重要文化財に指定された桃山時代の高台寺蒔絵の調度品を所蔵。
The National Diet Library (NDL), founded in 1948, is the library which belongs to the Diet. The NDL assists the activities of the National Diet. The Library collects and conserves materials and information both from Japan and abroad, serving as a foundation of knowledge and culture and providing library services to administrative and judicial entities and Japanese citizens.
As Japan’s representative museum, Tokyo National Museum collects, preserves, displays, and researches the cultural properties of Asia with a focus on Japan, and also provides educational programs.
Kyoto National Museum collects, preserves, displays, researches and provides educational programs focusing on cultural properties from Heian- through to Edo- period Japan, when the capital was located there.
Nara National Museum collects, preserves, displays, researches and provides educational programs about cultural properties with a focus on Buddhist art.
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江戸時代の蒔絵の名工の作品を紹介するほか、蒔絵概略史、蒔絵用語辞典も掲載。漆工研究家・高尾曜氏が運営。
「名品ギャラリー」「コレクションデータベース」からサントリー美術館が所蔵している蒔絵作品を閲覧できる。
References
- 中央公論社
- 中央公論社
- 中央公論社
- 灰野昭郎 執筆,新潮社
- 加藤寛 監修,東京美術