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昆布 / NHK「みちしる」より

Konbu

Long used for dashi stock, konbu has gained international recognition as a source of savory umami, the fifth flavor

Konbu is a general term for seaweeds of the Laminaria genus (in the Laminariaceae family, Phaeophyceae class) and related species. Representative species from seas close to Japan include ma konbu (Saccharina japonica), rishiri konbu (Laminaria ochotensis) and mitsuishi konbu (narrow-leaved tangle, Laminaria angustata). All of these species are distributed along the coasts of Hokkaido and the Tohoku region, which are strongly affected by cold ocean currents, and grow mainly on rocks under water at low tide or deeper. Many types of konbu are shaped like leaves of bamboo grass, with lengths of 1 to several meters. Some species, like naga-konbu (Saccharina longissimi), reach 30 meters in length.

The practice of making dashi stock from konbu is said to date to the late medieval period. In the Edo period (1603–1867), konbu from the Ezo region (Hokkaido) was transported on Kitamae cargo ships along the western route to Osaka and from there distributed throughout Japan. It was for this reason that the use of konbu grew in the Kansai region. From Osaka, konbu was then transported even as far as the Ryukyu Islands by way of Satsuma (now Kagoshima Prefecture) and from there secretly exported to Qing-dynasty China.

Konbu is considered indispensable in Japanese cuisine, such as soups (suimono) and simmered dishes (nimono). It is used in oden stew, tsukudani (foods boiled in soy sauce), kobumaki (sea delicacies rolled in kelp) and so on. Konbu is also used to make a number of other dishes, such as su-konbu (konbu softened with sweetened vinegar), finely shaved tororo-konbu, and konbu-cha (konbu drunk with hot water).

Glutamic acid, the basis of konbu’s savory flavor (umami), was isolated by Kikunae Ikeda in 1907 as a sodium salt (L-sodium glutamate), then produced and marketed as Aji no Moto. Unlike the other flavors of sweet, sour, salty, and bitter (spicy is not technically considered to be a flavor), until recently no receptors in the mouth for the savory flavor had been located. In 2002, however, receptors for glutamic acid were discovered in the sensory cells of the tongue’s taste buds, and the savory flavor came to be internationally recognized as a fifth flavor, alongside sweet, sour, salty, and bitter.

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  • 和食の「だし」と「うま味」を取り上げる国立国会図書館による電子展示。

  • 「昆布」または「コンブ」でデータベースを検索すると、関連する写真、絵葉書、ポスターなどの画像を見ることができる。

  • データベースを検索すると、古文書、図、写真等のの画像を見ることができる。

References