Thomas Blake Glover
Scottish merchant who sold arms and ammunition, as well as warships, to the Shogunate and local clans, mainly rebellious clans in southwest Japan, from the end of the Edo period to the early Meiji period
1838–1911
Thomas Blake Glover was a Scottish merchant active in Japan from the end of the Edo period to the early Meiji period. He was born in Fraserburg, Scotland. After studying at a gymnasium in Aberdeen, he arrived in Nagasaki via Shanghai in 1859. He established Glover Trading Company in Oura in 1861. At first, he primarily exported Japanese tea, but he subsequently sold arms, ammunition and warships to rebellious clans in southern Japan, such as the Satsuma, Saga, Tosa, and Kumamoto, for massive profits. He became Nagasaki’s most prominent merchant and even had a branch in Shanghai. Glover also provided the introductions necessary for Tomoatsu Godai and other young men from the Satsuma clan to be sent to England for training, and thus played an important role in forming ties between Satsuma and England and establishing the Satsuma-Choshu alliance. He also sold arms to the Choshu clan in the name of the Satsuma clan with the mediation of Ryoma Sakamoto’s trading company, Kameyama Shachu. Glover also loaned money to the Saga clan to develop a coal mine at Takashima, and was involved in establishing the Kosuge Slip Dock, the predecessor of the Nagasaki Shipyard (which subsequently became the Mitsubishi Shipyard). He also worked with the new Meiji government’s minting authority in arranging for the import of minting equipment. In the Keio era (1865–1868), he provided information to Harry Smith Parkes, the English envoy to Japan, and maintained a close relationship with local authorities. His business began to struggle around the start of the Meiji Restoration, and in 1870 he went bankrupt. After that, he served as an advisor to the Mitsubishi conglomerate. He died at his home in Azabu in 1911. Glover adopted the Japanese name of Kuraba, and was married to a Japanese woman named Awajiya Tsuru, with whom he had two children. The Glover residence in Minami Yamate-cho, Nagasaki, still exists.
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トーマス・ブレーク・グラバーの邸宅をはじめ3つの国指定重要文化財の住宅と、長崎市内の貴重な洋風建築を見ることができる。旧グラバー住宅、旧オルト住宅、旧リンガー住宅は居留地時代に建築された貴重な建物で、国指定重要文化財に指定され、旧グラバー住宅は「明治日本の産業革命遺産」の構成資産にも登録されている。ほかに、明治中期ごろに長崎市内に建てられた洋風建築6棟がグラバー園へ移築復元されている。
長崎大学附属図書館が電子化して配信するWEB版の「グラバー図譜」。「グラバー図譜」は、トーマス・グラバーの子、倉場富三郎(Tomas Albert Glover)が、明治末から昭和初期までの二十数年間に長崎魚市場に水揚げされた約600種の魚を、5人の画家に肉筆写生させた、806図(801枚)からなる彩色図譜。
References
- 対外関係史総合年表編集委員会 編,吉川弘文館
- 加藤友康, 瀬野精一郎, 鳥海靖, 丸山雍成 編,吉川弘文館
- 歴史学研究会 編,岩波書店