Edo Castle
Edo Castle was located in what is now the Chiyoda ward of Tokyo. It was first built by Dokan Ohta. After Tenka-bushin (the full-scale urban development of Edo) by Ieyasu Tokugawa, who established the Edo Bakufu (military government), it was renovated and became the largest castle complex in Japanese history.
Edo Castle was first built by Dokan Ohta in the Muromachi era, during the Kyotoku no Ran, or Kyotoku War (1455-1483). It was situated in the same place as the Honmaru (innermost part of a castle) of the Imperial Palace today. At the time, Edo was a rundown town, dotted with a few, small fishing villages. The Odawara Hojo clan started managing the castle as the overlords of the Musashi area. In 1590, Ieyasu Tokugawa moved in the castle. When Tokugawa became Seii Tai-shogun (Great Shogun) in 1603 and established the Bakufu (Shogunate Government), he ordered a Tenka-bushin - a full-scale urban development of Edo. On the Shogun’s order, the Daimyos (feudal lords) undertook a large scale renovation of Edo Castle. Edo became the seat of the Shogunate Government with the completed Shogunate castle and jokamachi (castle town) fitting the image. Afterward, Tokugawa's son, Hidetada and his grandson, Iemitsu continued renovating and expanding the castle until it finally became the largest castle complex in Japanese history. Edo Castle measured 16 km in circumference, 5.5 km in width, 4 km in length, and had an area of 2,300,000 square meters.
The castle’s Tenshu (castle keep) was rebuilt every time the Shogun changed, through three successive generations. In 1607, Tokugawa had all the outside walls painted with white plaster and located the Tenshu in the center of the Honmaru. Tokugawa’s successor, his son, Hidetada, moved the Tenshu to the north and rebuilt it in 1623. Finally, the third Shogun, Tokugawa’s grandson, Iemitsu, built the widest and tallest Tenshu. It reached 45m in height and was 18*16 ken (approximately 930㎡ : one ken is equivalent to 1.8 m) on the bottom floor. This Tenshu had a copper roof and copper-laminated walls in black color. Today, we can only see the base of the Tenshu which is 41 m wide, 45 m long and 11 m tall.
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Institutions Holding Related Materials
東京都墨田区に所在する江戸東京の歴史と文化を中心に展示する博物館。「江戸城と町割り」が常設展示され、江戸城の外観のほか、内部の一部を模型で見ることができる。
東京都千代田区の皇居参観に関する情報サイト。明暦3(1675)年の大火(振り袖火事)で焼失した天守閣跡は一般公開されている。
External Links
国立国会図書館の電子展示会「錦絵でたのしむ江戸の名所」では、江戸時代の名所の賑わいや景観、季節の娯楽などを垣間見ることができる。「江戸城」の項では江戸城にまつわる錦絵がまとめてある。
References
- 西ヶ谷恭弘, 日[ビ]貞夫 著,文藝春秋
- 加藤理文 著,サンライズ出版