Sumo Wrestling
Sumo is a type of wrestling where Rikishi (wrestlers) fight each other in a dohyo (sumo ring). Sumo has a long history, going back to the Kofun era, which can be seen in Haniwa (unglazed pottery) shaped in the form of Sumo wrestlers. In the Nara era, Sumo was contested as an agricultural divination ritual in the imperial court – it reached its peak during the Edo era.
The origins of Sumo date back to ancient times. It is assumed Sumo was contested during the Kofun era as images of Sumo wrestlers can be seen on Haniwa (unglazed pottery). According to a traditional story in the Nihon Shoki (The Chronicles of Japan), Sumo started with a wrestling match in front of Emperor Suinin. During the match, Nomi no Sukune, the founder of the Haji clan, killed Taima no Kehaya with a kick below the ribs.
During the Nara era, an agricultural divination ritual, known as Sumai no Sechi-e, started. Teams of brawny men competed in Sumo on July 7 (Tanabata). They were divided into East and West teams, based on their hometowns. It was believed the victorious team’s region would experience an abundant harvest that year.
Sumo continued as a martial art practice in samurai society, reaching its peak as Kanjin-zumo during the Tenmei and Kansei period (1781-1801) of the Edo era. Kanjin-zumo was a charity match, with proceeds going toward constructing or repairing shrines and temples. Although it was initially performed by independent groups composed of ronin (masterless samurai) who flooded into Edo after the war, the event gradually became more organized. Banzuke, the ranking system of Rikishi (Sumo wrestlers) was started in the Genroku period of the Edo era. By the middle of the Edo era, Sumo-Kaisho, an association of professional Sumo, was developed under the jurisdiction of the commissioner of temples and shrines.
Along with this development, Rikishi became more popular, to the point where some Daimyo (feudal lords) had their own personal Rikishi. In 1791, a Sumo match was held in front of the Shogun at Edo Castle for the first time. It is said the competitors, Tanikaze, Onogawa and Raiden, all gave excellent performances. Despite its popularity, women were not allowed to watch Sumo matches until the Meiji era.
Related People, Things and Events
Sports
Books
Related Works
浮世絵
Videos
Past Exhibitions
| Title | shusai | Place | open | close |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 相撲博物館 | 2009/10/27 | 2009/12/24 | ||
Institutions Holding Related Materials
東京都墨田区に所在する大相撲の興行施設。相撲博物館が併設されており、番付や化粧廻しなど相撲に関する資料を展示している。
東京都墨田区に所在する回向院では、明和五年(1768)から境内で勧進相撲興行が行われた。歴代相撲年寄の慰霊のために建立された力塚がある。
東京都江東区に所在する富岡八幡宮は江戸勧進相撲発祥の地といわれ、貞享元年(1684)春と秋の勧進相撲が幕府より許可された。境内には横綱力士碑や大関力士碑がある。
External Links
勧進相撲が誕生した経緯や、江戸時代の力士が庶民にとってどういう存在だったのかなどのコンテンツを掲載。