Osaka Prefecture
A prefecture that grew into an economic and cultural hub on the strength of its water transportation
Table of Contents
Located in the center of the Kinki region, it borders the prefectures of Kyoto, Nara, Hyogo, and Wakayama. Slightly curved from north to south, Osaka Prefecture is surrounded by mountains in three directions and faces Osaka Bay to the west. It is divided into eight districts: Mishima, Toyono, Senboku, Sen’nan, Minamikawachi, Nakakawachi, and Kitakawachi. The prefecture enjoys the climate of the Seto Inland Sea region, which is mild year-round. Osaka City, a port city with numerous rivers and moats and a well-developed water transport system, is known as the city of water.
Located on Osaka Bay in ancient times, the Naniwatsu port became the gateway to Japan, serving as a base through which foreign envoys passed, offering a window for diplomacy with other countries in Asia, and growing into an economic and political hub. In 593, Prince Shotoku built Shintenno-ji temple here. With the relocation of the capital to Osaka in 645 by Emperor Kotoku, the city enjoyed further growth as a key trading post.
During the Sengoku Period (1467-1615), Oda Nobunaga spent 10 years attacking and subjugating Ishiyama Hongan-ji, the temple base for warrior priests opposed to samurai rule. His successor, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, erected Osaka Castle, establishing it as the base of Japanese rule. With the death of Toyotomi and the relocation of central government power to Edo (present-day Tokyo), Osaka transformed into the “nation’s kitchen,” where rice and other foods for all of Japan were bought and sold. As it rapidly grew into an economic hub, the city also developed a unique artistic culture encompassing joruri puppet dramas, kabuki theater, and other arts.
Osaka Prefecture was established in 1868 following the Meiji Restoration, and the municipal administration of Osaka City was established in 1889. From the Meiji Period (1868-1912) on, Osaka became an industrial city, taking on the moniker “the Manchester of the East.”