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歌川広重筆「木曽街道六十九次内 和田」(江戸時代) / 国立国会図書館デジタルコレクション

Highways (Kaido)

Historical arterial roads in Japan used even in modern times; highways facilitated the system of alternate attendance, as well as travel, communications, and transport of goods

Kaido (highways) is a term that refers to ancient arterial roads. There are two variations of the word kaido, one written 街道 (highway), and the other written 海道 (highway along the sea). The first highways in Japan were built after the Taika Reforms, a set of doctrines established by Emperor Kotoku in the year 646. The Sanyodo was designated as a major route, the Tokaido and Tosando as intermediate routes, and other roads as minor routes. The establishment of the Kamakura Shogunate in 1185 led to improvements in the Tokaido, a major highway connecting Kamakura with Kyoto. During the Warring States period (1507–1603), each domain maintained and built its own internal roads, but at the borders between states checkpoints were established, which sealed off the domain for the most part. During the Edo period (1603–1867), the government gave priority to the five highways extending from the capital Edo to the outer provinces, and a system was established to build secondary roads with the five highways, including Ise Road, Saya Road, Mino Road, Chugoku Road, and Mito Road. The Five Roads were under the control of so-called road magistrates. Steps were taken to make the roads more hospitable for travel by establishing inns and travel lodgings, building teahouses, making men and horses available for hire, installing mile markers, and planting roadside trees. Improved highways and roads greatly contributed to a surge in communication and the transportation of goods. Checkpoints and guard houses were established on highways, but were later removed after the start of the Meiji period (1868).

Related People, Things and Events

Books

古代官道に関する本

歴史の道調査報告書

Related Works

Cultural Properties of Japan

Videos

See Highways (Kaido) on the Map

Past Exhibitions

TitleshusaiPlaceopenclose

External Links

  • 大阪府太子町にある町立資料館。「日本遺産」に指定された竹内街道の歴史資料が展示されている。

  • 日本の道の歴史をたどり、各時代における道のあり方や道路制度、道路・交通政策について紹介する。

  • 国土形成史から見た社会資本整備

  • 「古地図コレクション」は、国土地理院が運営するサイト。国土地理院が所蔵する古地図などを公開しており、「道中図・案内図」では街道に関連するものなど28件が紹介されている。

  • 2012年7月から8月に開催された山口県立美術館での展覧会。そのための紹介サイトで、明和元年(1746)頃に長州萩藩の絵図方、有馬喜惣太が中心となって描いたといわれる「行程記」(山口県文書館)の山口市旧市街地部分を見ることができる。「行程記」は萩から江戸までの長大な参勤交代路を描いた街道絵図の傑作といわれ、萩往還や山陽道、東海道などが描かれている。

  • 埼玉県さいたま市大宮区にある県立博物館の特別展。

References

  1. 平凡社
  2. 加藤友康 [ほか]編,吉川弘文館
  3. 歴史学研究会 編,岩波書店