Emperor Shomu
A Nara-period emperor who regarded Buddhism as a means for ensuring national peace and security, built state-supported provincial temples, and vowed to build a great Buddha
701–756
Emperor Shomu was a Nara-period emperor who reigned from 724 to 749. He was the eldest son of Emperor Monmu, and his mother was Kyushi Fujiwara. His personal name was Obito. In a break with the tradition of taking a member of the Imperial family as empress, he made Fuhito Fujiwara’s daughter Princess Asukabe his empress (Empress Komyo). He introduced Tang-dynasty culture and institutions to Japan, dispatching two embassies to China during his reign. The foundations of his political power were not entirely stable, however, and his government teetered on the brink of collapse owing to the rebellion of Hirotsugu Fujiwara in 740 and conflict within the Imperial court as well. Prompted by the rebellion to move the capital to three new sites—Kuni-kyo, Shigaraki-no-miya, and Naniwa-kyo—and returning the capital to Heijo-kyo in 745, he incurred enormous expenses. Deeply devoted to Buddhism, the Emperor, together with the Empress, saw Buddhism as a means for ensuring the peace and security of the nation. He promoted such projects as establishing state-supported provincial temples and convents throughout the country in 741, seeking to build a great Buddha in 743, making Todai Temple the head of all state-sponsored provincial temples, and having the great Buddha serve as the object of devotion in Todai Temple. However, the tremendous expenditures incurred from such construction work had a grave impact on state finances and caused him to lose support of the people. In 749 he yielded the throne to Empress Koken. Buddhist art from this period, with its focus on advanced techniques and opulent artifacts crafted with a discerning eye, is referred to as Tenpyo Culture. Emperor Shomu’s treasures were donated to Todai Temple by Empress Komyo, where they form the basis of the Shosoin Repository collection.
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