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Shogi

A board game originating in Japan in which two people compete by making full use of 20 pieces

Arts/Entertainment/Crafts Yamagata Recreation/Amusements

Shogi is a board game in which two people compete to take the opponent's osho (king). The game starts with 20 pieces placed on fixed positions on a board of 81 squares. There are eight types of pieces: osho (king), hisha (rook), kakugyo (bishop), kinsho (gold general), ginsho (silver general), keima (knight), kyosha (lance), and fuhyo (pawn). Each of these pieces moves differently. One big difference between shogi on the one hand and Western chess and Chinese xiangqi (Chinese chess) on the other is that you can reuse pieces taken from your opponent as your own pieces.

       The model for shogi is thought to have been the ancient Indian game of chaturanga, which was like chess. This game was introduced to Japan from China during the Nara (710-792) and Heian periods, and underwent further development in Japan. In traditional times, there were several versions of shogi, with different types and numbers of pieces and different types of boards. These included "big shogi," "middle shogi," and "small shogi." It is said that in the sixteenth century, during the time of Emperor Go-Nara, shogi, an improvement of small shogi, achieved its current form.

       The oldest surviving game on record was a match played in 1607 between Ohashi Sokei and Hon'inbo Sansa, a Go player. Both men received a salary from the Edo Shogunate, and Sokei became the first master of shogi. Later the Ohashi head family, Ohashi branch family, and Ito family became the three families producing later generations of shogi masters.

       In the Meiji era (1868-1912), shogi lost its protection from the Edo Shogunate, and interest in shogi temporarily declined. However, around 1899 shogi news published in Yorozu choho became popular, and shogi revived. In 1924 the Tokyo Shogi Association, the predecessor of the current Japan Shogi Association, was born.

Related People, Things and Events

  • A two-player game rooted in Japanese culture since ancient times

Books

  • 写

    鎌倉時代初期につくられた事典的な書物。平安時代の古将棋についての記載がある。

  • 寺島良安尚順 編

    江戸時代中期、寺島良安により編纂された『和漢三才図会』は、百科事典的な書物。将棋に関する項目もある。

  • 写

    題簽に「諸芸画」と墨書。緞子表紙、料紙は金切箔散らし、奥に金泥で松竹などを描いた豪華な装訂の絵巻。雅楽、楽器演奏、能楽、蹴鞠、双六、料理、狂言、素読、幸若舞、武術、相撲、馬術、的矢、鷹、和歌、将棋、学問、囲碁、弓術、習字、生花、茶の湯、裁縫の23の諸芸を描く。

  • 一寿斎芳員,伊勢兼

    江戸末期から明治にかけて活躍した一寿斎芳員（歌川芳員）による一ノ谷合戦に見立てられた3枚続きの浮世絵。人物の顔が将棋の駒に置き換えられている。

  • 曲亭馬琴 作,[北尾重政] [画],[蔦屋重三郎]

    曲亭馬琴による『春之駒象棊行路』（絵師：北尾重政）巻末に掲載される、「五体囲駒組之図」。

Shogi Books

  • 伊藤看寿 著,文玉圃

    将棋家元三家の伊藤家の出で、死後、名人を追贈された伊藤看寿による詰将棋集。詰将棋作品の最高峰のひとつとされる。

  • 大橋宗桂 編,文玉圃

    江戸時代後期、10代目大橋宗桂が選んだ手合集。

  • 伊藤宗看 著,文玉圃

    江戸時代の家元・六代伊藤宗看による手合集。

  • 桑原君仲 著,文玉圃

    江戸末期の棋士・桑原君仲による詰将棋の作品集。

  • 天野宗歩 著,三木佐助

    江戸末期に棋聖と称された天野宗歩による棋書。

Related Works

  • 東京国立博物館,Tokyo National Museum

    <p>参面は碁盤・将棋盤・双六盤のセット。三つの遊びの歴史は古く、江戸時代にはゲームの基本とみられたものか武家や公家など富裕層の結婚に際して誂えられた婚礼調度の中に一式として見られる。中でも囲碁と将棋は、現在まで根強い人気が保たれている。<br /></p>

  • Shogi Board, Pieces, Piece Stands,kaya (board), boxwood (pieces), mulberry tree (piece stands),木村定三コレクション / Kimura Teizo Collection

    自らも将棋を指し、アマ四段の免状も取得していた木村定三氏のコレクションには、一組の将棋盤と駒が含まれています。木村氏は1954（昭和29）年にこの盤を入手し、棋戦が名古屋近郊で開催される折ごとに、地元の愛棋家としてこれを提供していました。盤に被せる桐覆と桐箱の蓋の裏に残された対局時の記念署名から、少なくとも4戦に用いられたことが分かります。 タイトル戦にふさわしい重厚感のある榧の柾目の盤には、梔子の実を象った脚が付いています。これは、対局中は盤外から口を出すなという戒めに由来するとも言われています。駒師・豊島龍山による、御蔵の黄楊の美しい駒は、木地に文字を彫り、漆を木地の高さまで埋め込んで、さらに漆を盛り上げる「盛り上げ駒」で、書体は江戸時代の書家・巻菱湖によるものです。

  • 小倉コレクション保存会寄贈,Gift of the Ogura Foundation,東京国立博物館,Tokyo National Museum

    19～20世紀に朝鮮でつくられた、チャンギと呼ばれる朝鮮将棋の駒。

  • 岡崎正也氏寄贈,Gift of Mr. Okazaki Masaya,東京国立博物館,Tokyo National Museum

    <p>A painting of a stable with 6 horses ranges across a left-and-right pair of folding screens.<br /><br />The three horses tied up on the right are resting peacefully, but the three on the left are kicking up their legs and creating an altogether more rambunctious scene. Beautiful, strong steeds like these commonly featured in paintings as symbols of power and authority. We don't know who commissioned this work or what meaning they were trying to convey. Perhaps these are military horses and the person who commissioned this painting was captivated by their beautiful appearance, or maybe they are sacred horses and hence were painted with some prayer in mind.<br /><br />If you look closely, you will see various people gathered at the stable. They seem to be enjoying some board games. The figures on the right screen are playing go, while those on the left screen are playing shogi and sugoroku, all traditional Japanese board games. Other figures can be seen lying on the floor, carrying tea or looking at the horses. The relationship between these people remains a mystery, as does the overall theme of the painting. <br /><br />Two other animals also make an appearance – 2 dogs on the right screen and a monkey on the left. Monkeys were regarded as tutelary deities for stables and were often depicted together with horses. As for the dog, if these are indeed military horses, then perhaps it was brought along with the horses on falconry expeditions.<br /><br />Another intriguing feature is the scenery outside the stable, depicted on the edges of both screens. On the right we see pine trees with wisteria, three egrets and a turtle. On the left, meanwhile, are cherry blossoms with willows, cranes and mandarin ducks. Each scene is packed with auspicious motifs.</p><br /><p>Six leashed horses stand in a stable while people enjoy board games nearby. The surrounding scenery includes auspicious plants and animals such as pines, cherry trees, cranes, and turtles. Horses were symbols of wealth, and folding screens featuring horses were popular especially during the Muromachi period (1392–1573).<br /></p>

  • 鈴木春信筆,東京国立博物館

    平安時代の貴族で、三十六歌仙のひとりの藤原兼輔を題材とした見立絵。

  • 高木キヨウ氏寄贈,Gift of Ms. Takagi Kiyō,東京国立博物館,Tokyo National Museum

    江戸時代後期、大奥で活躍した女性狂言師・坂東三津江が使用した衣装。将棋駒が意匠としてあしらわれている。

  • 古賀春江 (1895 - 1933),KOGA, Harue (1895 - 1933)

    大正から昭和初期にかけて活躍した画家・古賀春江による作品。

Videos

  • 山形県天童市は将棋駒の日本一の産地。武士の内職として奨励されたのをきっかけに盛んになりました。プロ棋士のタイトル戦などで使う高級な駒は、およそ２ヶ月かけて制作します。<br><br>（この動画は、２０１４年に放送したものです。）

  • 天童市は山形県の東部、山間にあります。江戸時代から将棋の駒の産地として全国に知られています。高級なものは、今でもひとつひとつ手彫りで作られています。特産品の洋なし「ラ・フランス」は１０月の後半頃から旬を迎え、全国へ出荷されます。<br><br>（この動画は、２０１１年に取材したものです。）

  • 大阪・新世界。そこに、昔ながらの横丁、「ジャンジャン町（ジャンジャン横丁）」があります。幅２．５メートルという細い道に、一杯飲み屋、将棋クラブ、大衆食堂など、個性的な店が軒を連ねます。<br><br>（この動画は、２０１３年に放送したものです。）

Institutions Holding Related Materials

  • 所在地は東京都渋谷区に所在。将棋会館1階の売店ではオリジナル商品を販売している。

  • 山形県天童市にある資料館。将棋の歴史に関する資料、駒の制作過程などの展示がある。

  • The National Diet Library (NDL), founded in 1948, is the library which belongs to the Diet. The NDL assists the activities of the National Diet. The Library collects and conserves materials and information both from Japan and abroad, serving as a foundation of knowledge and culture and providing library services to administrative and judicial entities and Japanese citizens.

  • As Japan’s representative museum, Tokyo National Museum collects, preserves, displays, and researches the cultural properties of Asia with a focus on Japan, and also provides educational programs.

  • Aichi Prefectural Museum of Art was founded as the successor of the Aichi Prefectural Art Gallery, which originally opened in Sakae, the center of Nagoya City, Aichi Prefecture, in 1955. The museum opened in 1992 as part of the Aichi Arts Center, an urban cultural complex, and has established a wide-range collection of approximately 8,000 items, centered on works of art of the twentieth century. The Museum has also organized numerous exhibition of a wide-range of themes. The Museum has actively worked to develop and communicate new aspects of art and culture to the public, based on its core mission to serve as the primary art museum of the Chubu region.

External Links

  • 「将棋」の歴史、対局の予定と結果、棋士データベースなど、将棋に関するあらゆる情報を載せている。

  • 平成19年に催された「将棋展」をの図版と解説が公開されている。

References

  3. 日立デジタル平凡社,平凡社
Responsibility
National Diet Library
Secondary Usage

except images: check each right statement

Last updated
March 4, 2024