Ryoma Sakamoto
Patriot toward the end of the Edo period who succeeded at rallying anti-Shogunate factions; founded the company Kameyama Shachu (later the Kaientai)
1835–1867
A patriot at the end of the Edo period in the sonno-joi (“Revere the emperor, expel the barbarians”) faction, Ryoma Sakamoto was born in Tosa-gun, Tosa Province (now Kochi City, Kochi Prefecture) as the second-born son of a country samurai in the Kochi domain. Commonly known as Ryoma, his real name was Naonari. He also used the alias Umetaro Saidani after leaving the domain. Though from a wealthy background, as the family was involved in sake production, he turned the family business over to his younger brother and left for Edo in 1853, studying swordsmanship in the Hokushin Itto tradition from a younger brother of Shusaku Chiba. In 1861 he joined the Tosa Kinno party established by Zuizan Takechi and others, but left the Kochi domain the following year, dissatisfied with the policies of the domain. Arriving in Edo by way of Osaka and Kyoto, he became a follower of Kaishu Katsu, learning sailing and working to help establish Katsu’s Kobe Naval Training Center. As a result of the coup d’état that occurred on the 18th day of the 8th month in 1863, the Shogunate engaged in suppression, which led to Katsu’s loss of position and the dissolution of the training center. Under the protection of the Kagoshima domain, obtained through Takamori Saigo, to whom he had been introduced by Katsu, Sakamoto founded the company Kameyama Shachu in Nagasaki, with their assistance. This company would later become the Kaientai (Naval Auxiliary Force). Running a trading business, he also got involved in mediating sales of weaponry by the Glover Trading Co. to the Choshu clan. With Shintaro Nakaoka, he helped establish the Satsuma-Choshu Alliance in 1866 and thus succeeded in uniting anti-Shogunate factions. In the second Choshu expedition, he commanded Choshu naval forces. He embraced the concept of a parliamentary system headed by the Emperor, laid out in his Senchu hassaku (Eight Point Program Composed aboard a Ship), and he persuaded Toyonobu Yamanouchi, daimyo of Tosa, of this plan. Thus he is said to have played a large role in helping to transfer power back to the Emperor in 1867. He later drew up further plans for the new form of government, but was killed by an assassin from the Shogunate’s Mimawarigumi special police force in Kyoto along with Shintaro Nakaoka.
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坂本龍馬に関する資料を収集・展示し、近代日本の黎明に生涯を捧げた坂本龍馬の業績を顕彰するために、平成3年(1991)11月に開館。
国立国会図書館が所蔵している史料を用いて、中高生が歴史を学び楽しめるよう工夫して作成した電子展示。
国立国会図書館が所蔵している史料を用いて、中高生が歴史を学び楽しめるよう工夫して作成した電子展示。
国立国会図書館による電子展示。日本の近世から昭和にかけて各分野で活躍した有名人の書簡や葉書等の直筆資料を紹介する。直筆資料の画像とともに人物の肖像や解説文を掲載し、国立国会図書館デジタルコレクション(http://dl.ndl.go.jp/)で全文を掲載しているものにはリンクを設定している。一部の資料には翻刻を添えている。
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References
- サンプルページ「坂本龍馬」の項。
- サンプルページ「坂本竜馬」の項。
- サンプルページ「坂本竜馬」の項。
- 加藤友康, 瀬野精一郎, 鳥海靖, 丸山雍成 編,吉川弘文館
- 歴史学研究会 編,岩波書店
- 対外関係史総合年表編集委員会 編,吉川弘文館