@prefix rdf: . @prefix ns1: . ns1:accessinfo rdf:type . @prefix schema: . ns1:accessinfo schema:url , ; schema:license . @prefix ns3: . ns1:accessinfo schema:relatedLink ns3:no96 ; schema:provider . @prefix jps: . ns1:accessinfo jps:contentId "[\u66F8\u8A8C\u30EC\u30B3\u30FC\u30C9ID]AN00377607" . ns1:sourceinfo rdf:type ; schema:url ; schema:dateModified "2019-01-25T13:22:30" . @prefix ns5: . ns1:sourceinfo schema:relatedLink ns5:nmj03-nmjh_nmjh_nmjh_ir_oai_rekihaku_repo_nii_ac_jp_00001064 ; schema:provider ; jps:sourceData . @prefix ns6: . ns6:nmj03-nmjh_nmjh_nmjh_ir_oai_rekihaku_repo_nii_ac_jp_00001064 rdf:type . @prefix rdfs: . ns6:nmj03-nmjh_nmjh_nmjh_ir_oai_rekihaku_repo_nii_ac_jp_00001064 rdfs:label "\u6771\u56FD\u306E\u4E2D\u4E16\u6751\u843D\u306B\u304A\u3051\u308B\u958B\u767A\u3068\u707D\u5BB3" ; schema:publisher . @prefix ns8: . ns6:nmj03-nmjh_nmjh_nmjh_ir_oai_rekihaku_repo_nii_ac_jp_00001064 schema:inLanguage ns8:jpn ; schema:name "Development and Disaster in Villages in the 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, "[NII\u30E1\u30BF\u30C7\u30FC\u30BF\u4E3B\u984C\u8A9E\u5F59]Departmental Bulletin Paper" , "Unlike ancient and modern times when authority was centralized, in medieval times, as authority was regional and decentralized, it was difficult to perform large-scale civil engineering projects on province or county units scale under government authority. With this in mind, in this paper the author addresses the issues of how agricultural land developed and what sort of natural disasters occurred in medieval times in the Eastern Provinces. First, development of medieval villages was not centered in valley rice paddies in the mountainous areas, as has been reported in the past, but first took place in alluvial plains. For example, in the Kamakura Period the Bakufu (Shogunate) and feudal lords mobilized their local manpower and constructed man-made dikes in alluvial lowlands and areas with bad irrigation in the Tone River and other areas. Together with constructing man-made dikes to protect villages and agricultural land from flood damage, the expansion of rice paddy development that secured irrigation canals was conducted under the strong resolve of feudal lords. It has been thought that the technology and knowledge concerning civil engineering construction of man-made dikes or irrigation canals was mainly transmitted by monks from Buddhist temples. There remains regionally connected historical documents recording damage by natural disasters, such as \u201CTodera hachimangu nagacho\u201D and \u201CIhon todera nagacho\u201D from the Aizu Basin and \u201CMyohoji-ki\u201D (\u201CKatsuyama-ki\u201D) and other books from the northern foothills of Mt. Fuji. Natural disasters occurring in the medieval Eastern Provinces were not mainly the result of cold weather damage caused by a little glacial epoch, as has been proposed by the theory of climate change in recent years. The initial damage, most often caused by winds and flooding and sometimes accompanied by other factors such as drought, was followed by an increase in the number of victims due to the spread of infectious diseases. Furthermore, famine in medieval times was due in part to natural disasters caused by abnormal climatic conditions and cataclysmic events, and the problems caused by human exploitation in these areas were also a large factor, but, for the most part spontaneously occurring natural phenomena in these areas were the biggest factors. Basically, large-scale development was not conducted by a central authority and the level of technologies to overcome natural phenomena was relatively low. On the other hand, it can be thought that the extent of damage was held to a comparatively small scale in medieval period compared to famine that caused throghout the unit of individual feudal domains in recent times when an economic and distribution system was on a nationwide scale." , "[\u8457\u8005\u7248\u30D5\u30E9\u30B0]publisher\uFF08\u51FA\u7248\u793E\u7248\uFF09" ; jps:partOf _:vb3883240 ; schema:creator ; schema:dateCreated "2016-03-27" ; schema:temporal , ; schema:identifier "urn:issn:[ISSN]0286-7400" ; schema:datePublished "2002-03-29" ; jps:accessInfo ns1:accessinfo ; jps:agential _:vb3885006 , _:vb3885005 ; jps:temporal _:vb3885008 , _:vb3885007 ; jps:sourceInfo ns1:sourceinfo ; schema:issn "[ISSN]0286-7400" . _:vb3883240 jps:source ; jps:selector "Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History, vol.96, pp.393-414, 2002-03-29" . _:vb3885005 schema:description "\u539F\u7530, \u4FE1\u7537" ; jps:relationType ; jps:value . _:vb3885006 schema:description "\u56FD\u7ACB\u6B74\u53F2\u6C11\u4FD7\u535A\u7269\u9928" ; jps:relationType ; jps:value . _:vb3885007 schema:description "2016-03-27" ; jps:relationType ; jps:value . _:vb3885008 schema:description "[\u520A\u884C\u5E74\u6708]2002-03-29" ; jps:relationType ; jps:value .